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What is Spot vs Futures Trading?

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Spot trading involves buying or selling an asset at its “current market price” (CMP). In contrast, in futures trading, a “futures contract” is traded to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified price for settlement at a future date. For example, 

  • Buying physical gold is different from buying an MCX gold futures contract. 
  • The first involves the underlying commodity purchased at the spot price.
  • The second method represents a standardised exchange-traded derivative contract.

Let’s gain more clarity on the difference between spot and futures:

FactorSpot TradingFutures Trading
PriceCurrent market priceAgreed futures price
SettlementGenerally based on the spot market’s settlement cycleAt a specified future expiry
MarginNot Required 
(exact requirement may depend on the market and product)
Required
ExpiryNo fixed expiry for the underlying assetHas a defined expiry
LeverageUsually, Not availableAvailable through margin
RiskDepends on the asset and positionLeverage can increase both gains and losses

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