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What is Fundamental Analysis?

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Fundamental analysis is the process of determining a security’s “true value”. It involves evaluating a company’s financial performance and business model by studying the company’s fundamentals. As per general market understanding, some common areas assessed are:

  • Revenue and profit growth
  • Earnings per share (EPS)
  • Profit margins
  • Debt and cash flows
  • Return ratios such as ROE
  • Management and business model
  • Industry and competitive position
  • Valuation ratios such as P/E and P/B

How To Do Fundamental Analysis of a Stock?

An investor may begin by studying the company’s financial statements and business model. Next, they can examine:

  • Revenue and earnings trends
  • Debt levels
  • Cash flows, 
  • Profitability ratios, and
  • Valuation. 

To gain additional context, a comparison of these measures with the company’s historical performance and industry peers can also be done. However, note that fundamental analysis does not guarantee a particular future stock price. It only provides a framework for assessing the company’s financial and business characteristics.

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